Relationship between the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders and the self-esteem of adolescent students

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and the self-esteem of adolescent students in La Chorrera, Panamá Oeste. The primary objective was to describe how such diagnoses influence adolescents’ self-perception within educational and family contexts. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used as the sole measurement instrument and applied to a sample of adolescents aged 13 to 17 with clinically confirmed diagnoses of NDDs, including ADHD, ASD, and specific learning disorders. The study followed a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. Results indicated that a significant portion of the evaluated adolescents showed low self-esteem levels, associated with feelings of insecurity, negative self-concept, and difficulties with social integration. However, those who received family support and educational guidance reported higher levels of self-esteem. The study concludes that receiving an NDD diagnosis may negatively affect self-esteem if not accompanied by adequate emotional support and educational inclusion strategies. It also highlights the importance of fostering inclusive school environments that promote self-awareness, acceptance, and emotional development in neurodivergent adolescents. The findings emphasize the urgent need for school policies that provide continuous psychological support and teacher training in neurodiversity.